Functional over-redundancy and high functional vulnerability in global fish faunas on tropical reefs.
Identifieur interne : 003385 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 003384; suivant : 003386Functional over-redundancy and high functional vulnerability in global fish faunas on tropical reefs.
Auteurs : David Mouillot [France] ; Sébastien Villéger [France] ; Valeriano Parravicini [France] ; Michel Kulbicki [France] ; Jesus Ernesto Arias-González [Mexique] ; Mariana Bender [Brésil] ; Pascale Chabanet [France] ; Sergio R. Floeter [Brésil] ; Alan Friedlander [États-Unis] ; Laurent Vigliola ; David R. Bellwood [Australie]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 1091-6490 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- physiologie : Poissons.
- Animaux, Biodiversité, Climat tropical, Récifs de corail.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- physiology : Fishes.
- Animals, Biodiversity, Coral Reefs, Tropical Climate.
Abstract
When tropical systems lose species, they are often assumed to be buffered against declines in functional diversity by the ability of the species-rich biota to display high functional redundancy: i.e., a high number of species performing similar functions. We tested this hypothesis using a ninefold richness gradient in global fish faunas on tropical reefs encompassing 6,316 species distributed among 646 functional entities (FEs): i.e., unique combinations of functional traits. We found that the highest functional redundancy is located in the Central Indo-Pacific with a mean of 7.9 species per FE. However, this overall level of redundancy is disproportionately packed into few FEs, a pattern termed functional over-redundancy (FOR). For instance, the most speciose FE in the Central Indo-Pacific contains 222 species (out of 3,689) whereas 38% of FEs (180 out of 468) have no functional insurance with only one species. Surprisingly, the level of FOR is consistent across the six fish faunas, meaning that, whatever the richness, over a third of the species may still be in overrepresented FEs whereas more than one third of the FEs are left without insurance, these levels all being significantly higher than expected by chance. Thus, our study shows that, even in high-diversity systems, such as tropical reefs, functional diversity remains highly vulnerable to species loss. Although further investigations are needed to specifically address the influence of redundant vs. vulnerable FEs on ecosystem functioning, our results suggest that the promised benefits from tropical biodiversity may not be as strong as previously thought.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1317625111
PubMed: 25225388
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Laurent Vigliola<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, 98848 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia, France; and.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">France; and</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Functional over-redundancy and high functional vulnerability in global fish faunas on tropical reefs.</title><author><name sortKey="Mouillot, David" sort="Mouillot, David" uniqKey="Mouillot D" first="David" last="Mouillot">David Mouillot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; david.mouillot@univ-montp2.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villeger, Sebastien" sort="Villeger, Sebastien" uniqKey="Villeger S" first="Sébastien" last="Villéger">Sébastien Villéger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parravicini, Valeriano" sort="Parravicini, Valeriano" uniqKey="Parravicini V" first="Valeriano" last="Parravicini">Valeriano Parravicini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, Laboratoire Arago, BP 44, 66651 Banyuls sur Mer, France; Center for Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity-Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité Immeuble Henri Poincaré, Domaine du Petit Arbois, 13857 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 3, France;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, Laboratoire Arago, BP 44, 66651 Banyuls sur Mer, France; Center for Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity-Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité Immeuble Henri Poincaré, Domaine du Petit Arbois, 13857 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 3</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kulbicki, Michel" sort="Kulbicki, Michel" uniqKey="Kulbicki M" first="Michel" last="Kulbicki">Michel Kulbicki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, Laboratoire Arago, BP 44, 66651 Banyuls sur Mer, France;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, Laboratoire Arago, BP 44, 66651 Banyuls sur Mer</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arias Gonzalez, Jesus Ernesto" sort="Arias Gonzalez, Jesus Ernesto" uniqKey="Arias Gonzalez J" first="Jesus Ernesto" last="Arias-González">Jesus Ernesto Arias-González</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Ecología de Ecosistemas de Arrecifes Coralinos, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Ecología de Ecosistemas de Arrecifes Coralinos, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bender, Mariana" sort="Bender, Mariana" uniqKey="Bender M" first="Mariana" last="Bender">Mariana Bender</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France; Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France; Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chabanet, Pascale" sort="Chabanet, Pascale" uniqKey="Chabanet P" first="Pascale" last="Chabanet">Pascale Chabanet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, BP 50172, 97492 Ste. Clotilde 18 Cedex, Reunion Island, France;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, BP 50172, 97492 Ste. Clotilde 18 Cedex, Reunion Island</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Floeter, Sergio R" sort="Floeter, Sergio R" uniqKey="Floeter S" first="Sergio R" last="Floeter">Sergio R. Floeter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friedlander, Alan" sort="Friedlander, Alan" uniqKey="Friedlander A" first="Alan" last="Friedlander">Alan Friedlander</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Hawaï</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vigliola, Laurent" sort="Vigliola, Laurent" uniqKey="Vigliola L" first="Laurent" last="Vigliola">Laurent Vigliola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, 98848 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia, France; and.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">France; and</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellwood, David R" sort="Bellwood, David R" uniqKey="Bellwood D" first="David R" last="Bellwood">David R. Bellwood</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25225388</idno><idno type="pmid">25225388</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1317625111</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003498</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003498</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">003385</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">003385</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Functional over-redundancy and high functional vulnerability in global fish faunas on tropical reefs.</title><author><name sortKey="Mouillot, David" sort="Mouillot, David" uniqKey="Mouillot D" first="David" last="Mouillot">David Mouillot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; david.mouillot@univ-montp2.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villeger, Sebastien" sort="Villeger, Sebastien" uniqKey="Villeger S" first="Sébastien" last="Villéger">Sébastien Villéger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parravicini, Valeriano" sort="Parravicini, Valeriano" uniqKey="Parravicini V" first="Valeriano" last="Parravicini">Valeriano Parravicini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, Laboratoire Arago, BP 44, 66651 Banyuls sur Mer, France; Center for Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity-Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité Immeuble Henri Poincaré, Domaine du Petit Arbois, 13857 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 3, France;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, Laboratoire Arago, BP 44, 66651 Banyuls sur Mer, France; Center for Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity-Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité Immeuble Henri Poincaré, Domaine du Petit Arbois, 13857 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 3</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kulbicki, Michel" sort="Kulbicki, Michel" uniqKey="Kulbicki M" first="Michel" last="Kulbicki">Michel Kulbicki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, Laboratoire Arago, BP 44, 66651 Banyuls sur Mer, France;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, Laboratoire Arago, BP 44, 66651 Banyuls sur Mer</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arias Gonzalez, Jesus Ernesto" sort="Arias Gonzalez, Jesus Ernesto" uniqKey="Arias Gonzalez J" first="Jesus Ernesto" last="Arias-González">Jesus Ernesto Arias-González</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Ecología de Ecosistemas de Arrecifes Coralinos, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Ecología de Ecosistemas de Arrecifes Coralinos, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bender, Mariana" sort="Bender, Mariana" uniqKey="Bender M" first="Mariana" last="Bender">Mariana Bender</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France; Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France; Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chabanet, Pascale" sort="Chabanet, Pascale" uniqKey="Chabanet P" first="Pascale" last="Chabanet">Pascale Chabanet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, BP 50172, 97492 Ste. Clotilde 18 Cedex, Reunion Island, France;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, BP 50172, 97492 Ste. Clotilde 18 Cedex, Reunion Island</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Floeter, Sergio R" sort="Floeter, Sergio R" uniqKey="Floeter S" first="Sergio R" last="Floeter">Sergio R. Floeter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friedlander, Alan" sort="Friedlander, Alan" uniqKey="Friedlander A" first="Alan" last="Friedlander">Alan Friedlander</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Hawaï</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vigliola, Laurent" sort="Vigliola, Laurent" uniqKey="Vigliola L" first="Laurent" last="Vigliola">Laurent Vigliola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, 98848 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia, France; and.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">France; and</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellwood, David R" sort="Bellwood, David R" uniqKey="Bellwood D" first="David R" last="Bellwood">David R. Bellwood</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Biodiversity</term><term>Coral Reefs</term><term>Fishes (physiology)</term><term>Tropical Climate</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Biodiversité</term><term>Climat tropical</term><term>Poissons (physiologie)</term><term>Récifs de corail</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Poissons</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Fishes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Biodiversity</term><term>Coral Reefs</term><term>Tropical Climate</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Biodiversité</term><term>Climat tropical</term><term>Récifs de corail</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">When tropical systems lose species, they are often assumed to be buffered against declines in functional diversity by the ability of the species-rich biota to display high functional redundancy: i.e., a high number of species performing similar functions. We tested this hypothesis using a ninefold richness gradient in global fish faunas on tropical reefs encompassing 6,316 species distributed among 646 functional entities (FEs): i.e., unique combinations of functional traits. We found that the highest functional redundancy is located in the Central Indo-Pacific with a mean of 7.9 species per FE. However, this overall level of redundancy is disproportionately packed into few FEs, a pattern termed functional over-redundancy (FOR). For instance, the most speciose FE in the Central Indo-Pacific contains 222 species (out of 3,689) whereas 38% of FEs (180 out of 468) have no functional insurance with only one species. Surprisingly, the level of FOR is consistent across the six fish faunas, meaning that, whatever the richness, over a third of the species may still be in overrepresented FEs whereas more than one third of the FEs are left without insurance, these levels all being significantly higher than expected by chance. Thus, our study shows that, even in high-diversity systems, such as tropical reefs, functional diversity remains highly vulnerable to species loss. Although further investigations are needed to specifically address the influence of redundant vs. vulnerable FEs on ecosystem functioning, our results suggest that the promised benefits from tropical biodiversity may not be as strong as previously thought.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25225388</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>22</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2015</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>03</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1091-6490</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>111</Volume><Issue>38</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>23</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Functional over-redundancy and high functional vulnerability in global fish faunas on tropical reefs.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>13757-62</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1073/pnas.1317625111</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>When tropical systems lose species, they are often assumed to be buffered against declines in functional diversity by the ability of the species-rich biota to display high functional redundancy: i.e., a high number of species performing similar functions. We tested this hypothesis using a ninefold richness gradient in global fish faunas on tropical reefs encompassing 6,316 species distributed among 646 functional entities (FEs): i.e., unique combinations of functional traits. We found that the highest functional redundancy is located in the Central Indo-Pacific with a mean of 7.9 species per FE. However, this overall level of redundancy is disproportionately packed into few FEs, a pattern termed functional over-redundancy (FOR). For instance, the most speciose FE in the Central Indo-Pacific contains 222 species (out of 3,689) whereas 38% of FEs (180 out of 468) have no functional insurance with only one species. Surprisingly, the level of FOR is consistent across the six fish faunas, meaning that, whatever the richness, over a third of the species may still be in overrepresented FEs whereas more than one third of the FEs are left without insurance, these levels all being significantly higher than expected by chance. Thus, our study shows that, even in high-diversity systems, such as tropical reefs, functional diversity remains highly vulnerable to species loss. Although further investigations are needed to specifically address the influence of redundant vs. vulnerable FEs on ecosystem functioning, our results suggest that the promised benefits from tropical biodiversity may not be as strong as previously thought.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mouillot</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; david.mouillot@univ-montp2.fr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Villéger</LastName><ForeName>Sébastien</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parravicini</LastName><ForeName>Valeriano</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, Laboratoire Arago, BP 44, 66651 Banyuls sur Mer, France; Center for Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity-Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité Immeuble Henri Poincaré, Domaine du Petit Arbois, 13857 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 3, France;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kulbicki</LastName><ForeName>Michel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, Laboratoire Arago, BP 44, 66651 Banyuls sur Mer, France;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arias-González</LastName><ForeName>Jesus Ernesto</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratorio de Ecología de Ecosistemas de Arrecifes Coralinos, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bender</LastName><ForeName>Mariana</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5119, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Montpellier 2-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France; Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chabanet</LastName><ForeName>Pascale</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, BP 50172, 97492 Ste. Clotilde 18 Cedex, Reunion Island, France;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Floeter</LastName><ForeName>Sergio R</ForeName><Initials>SR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Friedlander</LastName><ForeName>Alan</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vigliola</LastName><ForeName>Laurent</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche 227 Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique, LABEX Corail, 98848 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia, France; and.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bellwood</LastName><ForeName>David R</ForeName><Initials>DR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>15</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S 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Version="1">15215854</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D044822" MajorTopicYN="Y">Biodiversity</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D057894" MajorTopicYN="Y">Coral Reefs</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005399" MajorTopicYN="N">Fishes</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014329" MajorTopicYN="Y">Tropical Climate</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4183327</OtherID><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">coral reefs</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">fish ecology</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate 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